Kejadian 3:13

3:13 So the Lord God said to the woman, “What is this ¹  you have done?” And the woman replied, “The serpent ²  tricked ³  me, and I ate.”

Kejadian 4:10

4:10 But the Lord said, “What have you done? ⁴  The voice ⁵  of your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground!

Kejadian 20:10

20:10 Then Abimelech asked ⁶  Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?” ⁷ 

Kejadian 21:29

21:29 Abimelech asked Abraham, “What is the meaning of these ⁸  seven ewe lambs that you have set apart?”

Kejadian 24:31

24:31 Laban said to him, ⁹  “Come, you who are blessed by the Lord! ¹⁰  Why are you standing out here when I have prepared ¹¹  the house and a place for the camels?”

Kejadian 25:32

25:32 “Look,” said Esau, “I’m about to die! What use is the birthright to me?” ¹² 

Kejadian 29:15

29:15 Then Laban said to Jacob, “Should you work ¹³  for me for nothing because you are my relative? ¹⁴  Tell me what your wages should be.”

Kejadian 31:30

31:30 Now I understand that ¹⁵  you have gone away ¹⁶  because you longed desperately ¹⁷  for your father’s house. Yet why did you steal my gods?” ¹⁸ 

Kejadian 37:15

37:15 When Joseph reached Shechem, ¹⁹  a man found him wandering ²⁰  in the field, so the man asked him, “What are you looking for?”

Kejadian 42:1

Joseph’s Brothers in Egypt

42:1 When Jacob heard ²¹  there was grain in Egypt, he ²²  said to his sons, “Why are you looking at each other?” ²³ 

Kejadian 43:6

43:6 Israel said, “Why did you bring this trouble ²⁴  on me by telling ²⁵  the man you had one more brother?”

Kejadian 44:7

44:7 They answered him, “Why does my lord say such things? ²⁶  Far be it from your servants to do such a thing! ²⁷ 

[3:13]  ¹ tn The use of the demonstrative pronoun is enclitic, serving as an undeclined particle for emphasis. It gives the sense of “What in the world have you done?” (see R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 24, §118).

[3:13]  ² sn The Hebrew word order puts the subject (“the serpent”) before the verb here, giving prominence to it.

[3:13]  ³ tn This verb (the Hiphil of נָשָׁא, nasha) is used elsewhere of a king or god misleading his people into false confidence (2 Kgs 18:29 = 2 Chr 32:15 = Isa 36:14; 2 Kgs 19:10 = Isa 37:10), of an ally deceiving a partner (Obad 7), of God deceiving his sinful people as a form of judgment (Jer 4:10), of false prophets instilling their audience with false hope (Jer 29:8), and of pride and false confidence producing self-deception (Jer 37:9; 49:16; Obad 3).

[4:10]  ⁴ sn What have you done? Again the Lord’s question is rhetorical (see Gen 3:13), condemning Cain for his sin.

[4:10]  ⁵ tn The word “voice” is a personification; the evidence of Abel’s shed blood condemns Cain, just as a human eyewitness would testify in court. For helpful insights, see G. von Rad, Biblical Interpretations in Preaching; and L. Morris, “The Biblical Use of the Term ‘Blood,’” JTS 6 (1955/56): 77-82.

[20:10]  ⁶ tn Heb “And Abimelech said to.”

[20:10]  ⁷ tn Heb “What did you see that you did this thing?” The question implies that Abraham had some motive for deceiving Abimelech.

[21:29]  ⁸ tn Heb “What are these?”

[24:31]  ⁹ tn Heb “and he said.” The referent (Laban) has been specified and the words “to him” supplied in the translation for clarity.

[24:31]  ¹⁰ sn Laban’s obsession with wealth is apparent; to him it represents how one is blessed by the Lord. Already the author is laying the foundation for subsequent events in the narrative, where Laban’s greed becomes his dominant characteristic.

[24:31]  ¹¹ tn The disjunctive clause is circumstantial.

[25:32]  ¹² tn Heb “And what is this to me, a birthright?”

[29:15]  ¹³ tn The verb is the perfect with the vav (ו) consecutive; the nuance in the question is deliberative.

[29:15]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “my brother.” The term “brother” is used in a loose sense; actually Jacob was Laban’s nephew.

[31:30]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “and now.” The words “I understand that” have been supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic reasons.

[31:30]  ¹⁶ tn The infinitive absolute appears before the perfect verbal form to emphasize the certainty of the action.

[31:30]  ¹⁷ tn The infinitive absolute appears before the perfect verbal form to emphasize the degree of emotion involved.

[31:30]  ¹⁸ sn Yet why did you steal my gods? This last sentence is dropped into the speech rather suddenly. See C. Mabee, “Jacob and Laban: The Structure of Judicial Proceedings,” VT 30 (1980): 192-207, and G. W. Coats, “Self-Abasement and Insult Formulas,” JBL 91 (1972): 90-92.

[37:15]  ¹⁹ tn Heb “and he [i.e., Joseph] went to Shechem.” The referent (Joseph) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[37:15]  ²⁰ tn Heb “and a man found him and look, he was wandering in the field.” By the use of וְהִנֵּה (vÿhinneh, “and look”), the narrator invites the reader to see the action through this unnamed man’s eyes.

[42:1]  ²¹ tn Heb “saw.”

[42:1]  ²² tn Heb “Jacob.” Here the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.

[42:1]  ²³ sn Why are you looking at each other? The point of Jacob’s question is that his sons should be going to get grain rather than sitting around doing nothing. Jacob, as the patriarch, still makes the decisions for the whole clan.

[43:6]  ²⁴ tn The verb may even have a moral connotation here, “Why did you do evil to me?”

[43:6]  ²⁵ tn The infinitive construct here explains how they brought trouble on Jacob.

[44:7]  ²⁶ tn Heb “Why does my lord speak according to these words?”

[44:7]  ²⁷ tn Heb “according to this thing.”